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Indigo & (Liquid) Gold: Community Science Explorations

Posted by Julia Cavicchi on September 9, 2025

This summer, we collaborated with Putney School educator and artist, Rosi Olivan, to grow Japanese indigo (Persicaria tinctoria) fertilized with urine. We were excited about this project to:

Plants were grown locally at four locations following our experimental regime, including the Putney School and Rich Earth’s Research Center. Plants received urine fertilizer at a high dose (1 L / sq foot / season), a low dose (½ L / sq foot / season), or were left unfertilized.

Plants received urine fertilizer at a high dose (1 L / sq foot / season), a low dose (½ L / sq foot / season), or were left unfertilized. We found that plants receiving urine fertilizer were consistently greener and bushier than plants receiving no fertilizer, and furthermore, that plants in the high dose treatment were a darker green and more robust than plants receiving the low dose. This was surprising, given our concern that the high dose may be too high and “burn” the plant.
But we don’t just grow indigo to admire its lush leaves; humans have harvested indigo for centuries to extract indican from its leaves for use as a blue dye. To measure the effects of urine fertilization on indican content in the leaves, Olivan extracted the dye compound and found its quantity to increase with increasing urine fertilization!

Photo Credit: Rosi Olivan

It’s been amazing to see the synergies that arise from reclaiming the ancient practice of fertilizing with urine alongside the ancient practice of creating natural dyes from indigo. And learning the heaviness of the history of indigo dye production with enslaved peoples deepens our dedication to ensuring the urine we reclaim helps to fertilize a more just future for how both food and clothes are made. 

Learn more in Rosi’s presentation from the Rich Earth Summit: From Yellow to Blue: Exploring Indigo Cultivation and Fermentation with Liquid Gold

We hope to expand this community science project, pending funding support.

Interested in exploring the relationship between urine fertilization and indigo? Please get in touch so we can keep you posted on this project! 

Already urine fertilizing your own farm or garden? Share what you’re learning in our Urine My Garden Survey or submit to our community-created zine project

Fertilizing indigo with college students from the Pathways to STEM program.
Harvesting indigo with Rosi Olivan.
Summer intern, Charlie, using the Rub Salt Method to die silk with indigo. 

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